March 22, 2013 a complete guide to hacking your vehicle bus on the cheap & easy – part 1 (hardware interface) modern vehicles have internal networks that provide access to nearly every major component and accessory – everything from the transmission to the cd-changer. Because you can! Maybe you want to that will replace the radio and climate controls. Or maybe you’d like to make your or remote-start.
I’m sure you can think of something. So that’s different it seems people often approach this concept with an Arduino/NetDuino/PIC/etc, plus or some, and a bit of custom code. Depending on your end goal, a microcontroller could be the best approach. However, this article is about getting started quickly and cheaply by leveraging a standard OBD-II scan tool (~$25) and your laptop, tablet, phone, Raspberry Pi, etc.
Note: we’re not talking about “pulling codes” or clearing the, that’s everyday stuff. We want to control and get info from accessories attached to the more interesting buses. All aboard the short bus (background) in 1996 a federal law took effect requiring most new consumer vehicles in the US to have standards-based On Board Diagnostics, called OBD-II. The OBD regulations were put in place by the EPA for monitoring emissions related components, but the systems have evolved to be much more capable. The good thing about OBD-II was it defined a limited set of network types that a car maker could implement for the emissions related diagnostics. This meant that tools to interface with those networks could also become standardized and inexpensive. Called scan-tools, they come in full-featured versions with built-in software/display/buttons, and dumb versions that must be connected to a PC/Mac/tablet/phone to be useful.
What follows is information on how to use one of these inexpensive scan-tools (the dumb USB, Bluetooth, or serial-port kind) to interface with a vehicle in ways it wasn’t exactly intended. A couple ones that i’ve personally had success with: • USB: ScanTool ElmScan 5 () • Bluetooth: BAFX Products ELM 327 Bluetooth OBD2 scan tool () step by step the challenge: only apply to the emissions related portions of a vehicle bus. Other systems often operate on an entirely different bus which may or may not use the same protocol as the OBD-II diagnostic bus. Even worse, the non-emissions-related bus data is proprietary manufacturer info that can vary for each make/model/year. The good news is that for simplicity and cost-savings, most manufactures only implement a single network type during certain year ranges. Since they have to use one of the standard OBD-II protocols for the diagnostic bus, they might as well use the same protocol (or a slight variation) on the other buses. This is why we are sometimes able to use a scan-tool to interface with a non-OBD bus.
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From a high level, we need to: • determine what protocol(s) our car uses • make the physical connection • test the interface • start hacking now onto those details step 1: which protocol? Vehicles usually have at least 2 buses, the main diagnostic bus and an interior or comfort bus. Skyrim setup.exe. The diagnostic bus often has access to all the drivetrain components as well as the OBD-II emissions stuff. The simplest vehicles to hack are the ones where all the buses use the exact same protocol and all relay messages to each other.
Some vehicles may have the secondary buses connected to the diagnostic bus through a gateway that may only relay information when queried with the correct command. Other vehicles use the same overal protocol on all buses, but different speeds. Buy a Factory Service Manual for your vehicle if at all possible.
It will almost always tell you what you need to know to at least get connected and is full of great info. You can get FSM’s used on eBay if your vehicle is a few years old or get the PDF version if you can find it. Online tech libraries like may have complete service manual info too.
Public libraries sometimes have subscriptions to those services. Don’t forget to just Google for your make/model and “OBDII protocol”, “OBD bus”, etc.
We are ultimately looking for the exact protocol that our target bus uses and any information about the messages that components on that bus send/receive. If we don’t have this info, we can still try connecting to the diagnostic bus and hope it relays from our target bus.