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I’ll walk away.” Or you might try to intervene. Or you might call the authorities to save the child. Is this scene a fantasy? It happens every day in much of Africa, Asia and the Middle East.
It happens in Western countries due to the influx of immigrants from non-Western regions. Most girls are cut before the age of five.
This is an ancient practice that, in the West, is called Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). Last year UNICEF estimated that 200 million girls and women in 30 countries have undergone FGM. 1 Female Genital Mutilation What exactly is FGM and why is it done?
FGM is the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia. At a minimum, the practitioners of FGM remove the clitoral hood and part or the entire clitoris. In some countries, like Somalia, FGM is more severe.
The clitoris, as well as the labia minora and the labia majora are removed. The cut edges of the wounds are then stitched or the girl’s legs are bound together for a period of time until the cut tissues bind to one another. Only a small opening is left to allow for urination and menstruation. Later in life, the scarred tissues will be torn by sexual intercourse and yet again by childbirth. Traditionally, cutters use knives, razors, scissors, sharpened rocks and fingernails.
No anesthetic is used. The procedure is done under non-sterile conditions and medical complications often result. Female relatives do the cutting. They are following ancient social norms. A girl who is not cut is looked down upon. People believe that uncut girls are unclean and unattractive. They will not be socially accepted or marriageable.
Cutting helps to guarantee the virginity of girls prior to marriage. Feminists, largely in the West, have argued that FGM is rooted in patriarchal culture and that it subjugates and controls women. Until the 1970s, FGM attracted little attention beyond Christian missionaries working in undeveloped regions of the world. In 1979, feminist Gloria Steinem wrote an article in Ms Magazine condemning FGM. 2 Since then, FGM has attracted wide attention in the West.
It is now illegal in the West and many countries, such as Great Britain, have extensive legal prohibitions designed to curb the practice. Justifying Female Genital Mutilation Early feminists universally condemned FGM. But incredibly, a few of today’s feminists defend (or at least justify) the practice and condemn groups in the West that work to save little girls from being cut.
3 They are FGM justifiers. According to FGM justifiers, Western societies that restrict FGM deny girls and women the right to bodily autonomy, that is, the freedom to make decisions about their own bodies. Thus, prohibitions against FGM violate the right of families to make private decisions, free from government coercion. Justifiers argue that restrictive laws deny the equality of women—-under these laws, men are allowed to make decisions about their bodies while women are not. According to justifiers, feminists against FGM have erroneously transformed traditional social custom and practice into mutilation, that is, a form of child abuse and a human rights crime.
Thus, a long-standing cultural practice is wrongly criminalized. Ultimately, the justifiers argue, restrictive laws disrespect others’ culture and traditions. Under current British law, a parent’s passport may be canceled if the parent is likely to take the child to her country of origin to undergo FGM.